Viscosity changes with temperature, with fluids becoming less viscous as they get warmer.
Viscosity describes how resistant a fluid is to flow - the higher the viscosity is, the thicker or more flow-resistant the fluid will be. Here are several of the most important hydraulic fluid characteristics you need to be aware of. There is no perfect hydraulic fluid, but there is a wide range of options available to you, and you should be able to find one that works for your needs. But to select the correct fluid means that you must be familiar with the requirements specified for your equipment. Each of these characteristics has a range of possibilities. With these different roles in mind, it’s time to look at the hydraulic fluid characteristics that you should consider when choosing the right fluid for your system. Depending on the temperature of the work being performed, the size of the machinery, the internal pressure, and other factors, you can choose the right level of lubrication to keep your hydraulic system working efficiently without putting additional strain on your system.
This is why hydraulic fluid often uses mineral or synthetic oil as a base. Without this lubrication, the metal parts of your equipment would rub against each other, quickly wearing out while producing less effective power. One of the most important roles that hydraulic fluid plays is ensuring that your machinery is properly lubricated. This prevents foreign materials from getting into your system while ensuring that pressure remains constant. While O-rings and other seals do the lion’s share of the work in sealing your hydraulic system, the hydraulic fluid helps to deliver the final seal, filling the minute spaces that exist between these seals and other metal parts. This also keeps your system working at peak performance since any water can promote foaming and add to the compressibility of the fluid. These impurities are removed through filters, which catch and trap water and particles to prevent them from damaging your machinery. You may also find dirt or metal particles in your fluid, which is usually the result of wear over time. That means very small amounts of water may occasionally be introduced into your hydraulic fluid. While the perfect hydraulic system would be entirely sealed, the simple truth is that no seal is perfect. If your equipment needs to work in cold temperatures, your reservoir can be outfitted with a heater, which then warms the machinery in your hydraulic pump and protects your equipment from damage. This heat transfer can also work in reverse.
Typically, the hydraulic fluid passes through a cooler that extracts much of the heat, although, in some low-use situations, the heat simply dissipates in the reservoir. In order to protect your machinery, hydraulic fluid carries away this heat as it returns to the large reservoir that services the entire system. While this is an important part of the way that a hydraulic system works, the friction of the molecules in the fluid rubbing against the machinery can build up a tremendous amount of heat. This pressure forces hydraulic fluid into the spaces between parts within the system. When a hydraulic pump is functioning normally, it creates high pressure within the pump. Each of these roles can be affected when you select different hydraulic fluid characteristics, either by selecting a different base or through the use of additives. While energy transmission is the primary role of hydraulic fluid, it also performs four other secondary roles. Unlike air, hydraulic fluid is non-compressible, making it ideal for applications that require fast action and more power than could traditionally be achieved with pneumatic systems. First and foremost, hydraulic fluid is an energy transfer medium, which allows pistons, vanes, and other pumps to power your devices.
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